IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL BOUNDARIES AND COMMUNITIES IN ST. PETERSBURG
Описание работы
Работа пользователя Vseznayka1995
Добрый день! Уважаемые студенты, Вашему вниманию представляется дипломная работа на тему: «IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL BOUNDARIES AND COMMUNITIES IN ST. PETERSBURG»
Table of contents
Abstract 3
Introduction. 3
The emergence of municipalities. 4
Municipalities comparison. 5
Related Literature. 7
Research Methodology. 9
Data Structure. 10
Grid Mapping. 10
The created set of centroids will be used in the next step of the research. Next, the time of pedestrian path between all centroids will be found using deployed OpenStreetMap local server. The resulting matrix of pedestrian distances will be used furtherly in the clustering process. 11
Searching for walking routes. 11
Clustering and creating a new map of possible municipalities. 12
Analysis of the created map. 13
Conclusion and Discussion. 14
References. 16
Appendix 1: Komendantsky Aerodrom and Shuvalovo-Ozerki territory. 17
Appendix 2: Svetlanovskoe, Chkalovskoe and Kronstadt territory. 18
Appendix 3: Clustering results. 19
Introduction
Municipalities in the modern city play a crucial role in citizens’ life – landscaping is carried out; municipal deputies listen to the residents of their community and implement initiatives aimed at improving overall community life. Effective municipal management is one of the key tasks in city management. In European countries, municipalities are considered the oldest and most enduring elements of European administration (Rudie Hulst & André van Montfort, 2006).
The city of St. Petersburg includes 111 municipalities. Municipalities include not only urban districts, but also separate settlements, such as the city of Pushkin or the village of Metallostroy. In such settlements, residents often constitute a cohesive community with similar interests. For example, the Saperny settlement consists of several five-floor houses, a couple of dozen private buildings, and the only large enterprise - "Baltica" brewery. However, in the case of St. Petersburg, many municipalities can hardly be called full-fledged communities, since the interests of residents often do not coincide. According to the results of monitoring the development of municipalities of St. Petersburg in 2019, the share of the population that took part in leisure activities (provided by municipality itself) in the municipality of Komendantsky Aerodrom is 49.9%, that is almost half of the total population. At the same time, a similar indicator in the municipality of Shuvalovo-Ozerki amounted to only 1.5%. What is the nature of this difference? If you look at the municipalities' territory[1], you will notice that the Komendantsky Aerodrom includes many apartment buildings around the Pionerskaya metro station and the territory of the city park Udelny. Shuvalovo-Ozerki includes not only apartment buildings, but also 3 large lakes on the other side of the Vyborg highway, with many private houses along the perimeter. The interests of the "multi-apartment" part of the district may not coincide with the interests of private-sector residents.
Some municipalities are separated by railways or even rivers, some at the same time include both private and apartment buildings. One of the indicators of community connectivity is the turnout at the municipal elections - the higher it is, the higher is the interest of people in the leadership of the municipality. In St. Petersburg, the turnout for municipal elections between individual municipalities is often significantly different. So, in the elections of municipal deputies of the 4th convocation in 2009, the turnout in the municipality of Tärlevo Village to more than 96%, and in “Municipal District No. 57” is determined to a little more than 65%.
The purpose of this study is to form a map of possible municipalities of St. Petersburg based on natural boundaries.
As part of the study, the following tasks will be performed:
Table of contents
Abstract 3
Introduction. 3
The emergence of municipalities. 4
Municipalities comparison. 5
Related Literature. 7
Research Methodology. 9
Data Structure. 10
Grid Mapping. 10
The created set of centroids will be used in the next step of the research. Next, the time of pedestrian path between all centroids will be found using deployed OpenStreetMap local server. The resulting matrix of pedestrian distances will be used furtherly in the clustering process. 11
Searching for walking routes. 11
Clustering and creating a new map of possible municipalities. 12
Analysis of the created map. 13
Conclusion and Discussion. 14
References. 16
Appendix 1: Komendantsky Aerodrom and Shuvalovo-Ozerki territory. 17
Appendix 2: Svetlanovskoe, Chkalovskoe and Kronstadt territory. 18
Appendix 3: Clustering results. 19
Introduction
Municipalities in the modern city play a crucial role in citizens’ life – landscaping is carried out; municipal deputies listen to the residents of their community and implement initiatives aimed at improving overall community life. Effective municipal management is one of the key tasks in city management. In European countries, municipalities are considered the oldest and most enduring elements of European administration (Rudie Hulst & André van Montfort, 2006).
The city of St. Petersburg includes 111 municipalities. Municipalities include not only urban districts, but also separate settlements, such as the city of Pushkin or the village of Metallostroy. In such settlements, residents often constitute a cohesive community with similar interests. For example, the Saperny settlement consists of several five-floor houses, a couple of dozen private buildings, and the only large enterprise - "Baltica" brewery. However, in the case of St. Petersburg, many municipalities can hardly be called full-fledged communities, since the interests of residents often do not coincide. According to the results of monitoring the development of municipalities of St. Petersburg in 2019, the share of the population that took part in leisure activities (provided by municipality itself) in the municipality of Komendantsky Aerodrom is 49.9%, that is almost half of the total population. At the same time, a similar indicator in the municipality of Shuvalovo-Ozerki amounted to only 1.5%. What is the nature of this difference? If you look at the municipalities' territory[1], you will notice that the Komendantsky Aerodrom includes many apartment buildings around the Pionerskaya metro station and the territory of the city park Udelny. Shuvalovo-Ozerki includes not only apartment buildings, but also 3 large lakes on the other side of the Vyborg highway, with many private houses along the perimeter. The interests of the "multi-apartment" part of the district may not coincide with the interests of private-sector residents.
Some municipalities are separated by railways or even rivers, some at the same time include both private and apartment buildings. One of the indicators of community connectivity is the turnout at the municipal elections - the higher it is, the higher is the interest of people in the leadership of the municipality. In St. Petersburg, the turnout for municipal elections between individual municipalities is often significantly different. So, in the elections of municipal deputies of the 4th convocation in 2009, the turnout in the municipality of Tärlevo Village to more than 96%, and in “Municipal District No. 57” is determined to a little more than 65%.
The purpose of this study is to form a map of possible municipalities of St. Petersburg based on natural boundaries.
As part of the study, the following tasks will be performed:
- Formation of a new map of the municipalities of St. Petersburg based on natural boundaries using different cluster analysis algorithms
- Comparison of the created map with existing municipal boundaries
- Analysis of the results
[1] Municipalities’ territory on the map can be seen in Appendix 1
