NATIONAL VRS ETHNIC IDENTITY IN POST COLONIAL SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIA & COTE D’VOIRE
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Оригинальность работы 93%
ABSTRACT
In as much as Sub-Saharan African countries are not largely considered to be typical nation-states like European countries, there is some amount of contrasting features in the level of nationalism express by citizens. The main aim of this study is to find out the amount of variation in levels of nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa as explained by the existing theories of national and ethnic identity by comparing two countries namely Nigeria and Cote D’Ivoire. The research uses a correlational quantitative research design to conceivably measure the relationship between theories of nationalism and how it impacts levels of national identity. The study introduced the modernization theory to address the question of whether classic modernization theories actually explain the variation in the levels of nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa. Results of the research concluded by supporting classic modernization theories that level of education, urbanization and being formally employed are all positively correlated to identifying with the nation. Other factors including the access to basic amenities, being part of core ethnic group and colonial legacy also affected levels of identifying within the state. Finally, the paper compares Nigeria and Cote D’Ivoire to dig out the differences and similarities and conclude by drawing lessons from the research.
Table 2 Logistic model for ethnic or national identity, goodness-of-fit test................................ 51
4.0.1 Comparison.................................................................................................................... 55
Table 3.................................................................................................................................... 55
Table 5 Logic Regression Model............................................................................................. 59
4.0.1.0 LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................ 61
CHAPTER (5)................................................................................................................................ 63
5.0 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................... 63
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ 65
APPENDIX:................................................................................................................................... 72
DESCRIPTIVE TABLE COTE D’IVOIRE.................................................................................. 72
DESCRIPTIVE TABLE NIGERIA.............................................................................................. 75
Smith, A. D. 1981. Nationalism in the Twentieth Century. In Citizenship and National Identity from Colonization and Globalizm, ed. T.K. Oomen, New Delhi: Sage Publications.
Smith, A.D. 1992. National Identity and the Idea of European Unity. International Affairs, 1.
Smith, A.D. 1995. Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era. UK: Polity Press.
Smith, A.D.: Theories of Nationalism. London, Duckworth, 1983.
Smith, A.D.: National Identity. London, Penguin, 1991.
Smith, A.D.: Nationalism and Modernism. London, Routledge, 1998.
Toure, Sekou. 1959. toward Full Reafricanisation. Paris, France: Presence Afri caine.
Weber, E. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France,
1880–1914. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Weber, M. 1954. On Law in Economy and Society. Trans. by E. Shils. Cambridge Mass: Harvard University Press.
Оригинальность работы 93%
ABSTRACT
In as much as Sub-Saharan African countries are not largely considered to be typical nation-states like European countries, there is some amount of contrasting features in the level of nationalism express by citizens. The main aim of this study is to find out the amount of variation in levels of nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa as explained by the existing theories of national and ethnic identity by comparing two countries namely Nigeria and Cote D’Ivoire. The research uses a correlational quantitative research design to conceivably measure the relationship between theories of nationalism and how it impacts levels of national identity. The study introduced the modernization theory to address the question of whether classic modernization theories actually explain the variation in the levels of nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa. Results of the research concluded by supporting classic modernization theories that level of education, urbanization and being formally employed are all positively correlated to identifying with the nation. Other factors including the access to basic amenities, being part of core ethnic group and colonial legacy also affected levels of identifying within the state. Finally, the paper compares Nigeria and Cote D’Ivoire to dig out the differences and similarities and conclude by drawing lessons from the research.
Contents
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. 2
DEDICATION...................................................................................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER ONE (1).......................................................................................................................... 7
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND QUESTION.......................................................................... 10
1.3 RESEARCH GOAL.............................................................................................................. 12
1.4 NOVELTY OF RESEARCH................................................................................................. 12
1.5 RATIONAL FOR CHOICE OF COUNTRIES....................................................................... 13
1.6 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SELECTED COUNTRIES............................................... 13
1.6.1 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA............................................................................. 14
1.6.2 NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA........................ 15
1.6.3 REPUBLIC OF COTE D’IVOIRE: GENERAL BACKGROUND................................... 17
1.6.4 NATIONAL IDENTITY IN COTE D’IVOIRE............................................................... 19
CHAPTER TWO (2) LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................. 23
2.0 CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MODERN TIMES................................. 23
2.2 COLONIAL LEGACY AND NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION............................................. 28
2.3 ETHNIC CORES AND STATE POWER............................................................................... 31
2.4 ETHNIC IDENTITY CRISIS IN AFRICA............................................................................. 33
2.5 LANGUAGE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY........................................................................ 35
2.6 NATIONAL IDENTITY AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION.................................................... 37
2.7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................... 38
2.7.1 MODERNIZATION THEORY....................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER THREE (3) METHODOLOGY..................................................................................... 44
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN........................................................................................................... 44
3.2 CORRELATIONAL QUANTITATIVE METHOD................................................................ 44
3.3 DATA ACQUISITION METHOD........................................................................................ 45
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 45
3.4.1 MEASURING VARIABLES.......................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER FOUR (4) 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS........................................................... 50
Table.1 Logic Regression Model at Aggregate level (Both Countries)......................................... 50
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ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. 2
DEDICATION...................................................................................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................ 4
CHAPTER ONE (1).......................................................................................................................... 7
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND QUESTION.......................................................................... 10
1.3 RESEARCH GOAL.............................................................................................................. 12
1.4 NOVELTY OF RESEARCH................................................................................................. 12
1.5 RATIONAL FOR CHOICE OF COUNTRIES....................................................................... 13
1.6 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE SELECTED COUNTRIES............................................... 13
1.6.1 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA............................................................................. 14
1.6.2 NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA........................ 15
1.6.3 REPUBLIC OF COTE D’IVOIRE: GENERAL BACKGROUND................................... 17
1.6.4 NATIONAL IDENTITY IN COTE D’IVOIRE............................................................... 19
CHAPTER TWO (2) LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................. 23
2.0 CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY IN MODERN TIMES................................. 23
2.2 COLONIAL LEGACY AND NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION............................................. 28
2.3 ETHNIC CORES AND STATE POWER............................................................................... 31
2.4 ETHNIC IDENTITY CRISIS IN AFRICA............................................................................. 33
2.5 LANGUAGE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY........................................................................ 35
2.6 NATIONAL IDENTITY AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION.................................................... 37
2.7 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................... 38
2.7.1 MODERNIZATION THEORY....................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER THREE (3) METHODOLOGY..................................................................................... 44
3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN........................................................................................................... 44
3.2 CORRELATIONAL QUANTITATIVE METHOD................................................................ 44
3.3 DATA ACQUISITION METHOD........................................................................................ 45
3.4 DATA ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 45
3.4.1 MEASURING VARIABLES.......................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER FOUR (4) 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS........................................................... 50
Table.1 Logic Regression Model at Aggregate level (Both Countries)......................................... 50
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Table 2 Logistic model for ethnic or national identity, goodness-of-fit test................................ 51
4.0.1 Comparison.................................................................................................................... 55
Table 3.................................................................................................................................... 55
Table 5 Logic Regression Model............................................................................................. 59
4.0.1.0 LIMITATIONS............................................................................................................ 61
CHAPTER (5)................................................................................................................................ 63
5.0 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................... 63
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................ 65
APPENDIX:................................................................................................................................... 72
DESCRIPTIVE TABLE COTE D’IVOIRE.................................................................................. 72
DESCRIPTIVE TABLE NIGERIA.............................................................................................. 75
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